ProVac Toolkit

Module 1. Introduction to the ProVac Initiative

• Video
• Slides

Module 2. Introduction to evidence-based decision making on immunization

• Video
• Slides

Module 3. Introduction to vaccine economics

• Introduction to vaccine economics: University of Hong-Kong
• Estimating cost of illness from primary data collection – Decade of Vaccine Economics (DOVE) learning modules

Module 4. Immunization program costing

• Common approach for the costing and financing analyses of routine immunization and new vaccine introduction costs
• WHO Economics of immunization: a guide to the literature and other resources

Module 5. UNIVAC – a universal model for vaccines cost-effectiveness analyses

• Video
• Additional resources
  • DALYs explained

Module 6. COSTVAC – support for immunization program costing

• Installation Instructions: Video (Password: pr0v4c)​
• Orientation on Data Collection Interface: Video (Password: pr0v4c)
• Practice Data Collection Interface (DCI) Part 1: Video (Password: pr0v4c)
• Practice Data Collection Interface (DCI) Part 2: Video (Password: pr0v4c)​
• Practice Data Collection Interface (DCI) Part 3: Video (Password: pr0v4c)​
• Aggregation of Collected Data: Video (Password: pr0v4c)

Module 7. Communicating the evidence to key stakeholders

• Video

This Toolkit serves as a directory for all of the documents that were developed by or in collaboration with the ProVac Initiative. A majority of these have been published in peer-reviewed journals. A link to the published document has been provided where available. The documents have been grouped into 4 categories:

• Approach and Methods
• Background and Lessons Learned
• Examples of Published Country Studies
• Other (including perspectives from ProVac and partners)

Approach and Methods

The ProVac Approach 

• Andrus, J. et al. (2007). A model for enhancing evidence-based capacity to make informed policy decisions on the introduction of new vaccines in the Americas: Paho’s Provac Initiative. Public Health Rep, 122, 6, 811-816. 

ProVac Models 

• Clark, A. et al. (2013). TRIVAC decision support model for evaluating cost-effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccination. Vaccine, 31(Suppl 3), C19-29. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.04. 
•  Castañeda-Orjuela, C. et al. (2013). Using standardized tools to improve immunization costing data for program planning: the cost of the Colombian Expanded Program on Immunization. Vaccine, 31(Suppl 3), C72-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.038. 

ProVac Methods Guidance 

• Sinha, A., Augustovski, F., Alcarez, A. & García Martí, S. (2013). Perspectives on the challenge of Streptococcus pneumoniae disease burden estimation for national policymakers in Latin America and the Caribbean: From theory to practice. Vaccine, 31(Suppl 3), C30-2. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.052. 
•  Sartori, A.M.C, Novaes, C.G., de Soárez, P.C., Toscano, C.M. & Novaes, H.M.D. (2013). Estimating health service utilization for treatment of pneumococcal disease: the case of Brazil. Vaccine, 31(Suppl 3),63-71. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.029. 

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Background and Lessons Learned

Background and lessons learned from the ProVac Initiative 

• Jauregui, B. et al. (2015). ProVac Global Initiative: a vision shaped by ten years of supporting evidence-based policy decisions. Useful lessons and insights for the future of the ProVac Initiative. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), A21-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.080. 
•  Jauregui, B. et al. (2015). Evidence-based decision-making for vaccine introductions: Overview of the ProVac International Working Group’s experience. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), A28-33. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.10.090. 
•  Blau, J. et al. (2015). Strengthening national decision-making on immunization by building capacity for economic evaluation: Implementing ProVac in Europe. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), A34-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.073. 
•  Toscano, C.M. et al. (2013). Establishing a regional network of academic centers to support decision making for new vaccine introduction in Latin America and the Caribbean: The ProVac experience. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), C12-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.033. 
•  Andrus, J.K., Jauregui, B., Oliveira, L.H. & Ruiz-Matus, C. (2011). Challenges to building capacity for evidence-based new vaccine policies. Health Affairs, 30(6), 1104-12. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0361. 
• Janusz, C.B. et al. Performing Country-led Economic Evaluations to Inform Immunization Policy: ProVac Experiences in Latin America and the Caribbean. Value in Health, 1(2), 248-253. doi:10.1016/j.vhri.2012.10.003. 
•  Jauregui, B. et al. Strengthening the technical capacity at country-level to make informed policy decisions on new vaccine introduction: lessons learned by PAHO’s ProVac Initiative. Vaccine, 29(5), 1099-106. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.11.075. 
•  Burns, J.E. et al. (2009). Descriptive analysis of immunization policy decision making in the Americas. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pubica, 26(5), 398-404. 

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Examples of Published Country Studies

• Komakhidze, T. et al (2015). Cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Georgia Vaccine, 29(31), 4963-72. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.070. 

Country-led ProVac analyses 

• Janusz, C. et al. (2015). Examining the cost of delivering routine immunization in Honduras. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), A53-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.01.016. 
•  Valdés, W. et al. (2015). Tracking financial flows for immunization in Honduras. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), A85-92. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.01.012. 
•  Sigei, C. et al. (2015). Cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Kenya and Uganda. Vaccine(Suppl1), A109-18. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.079. 
•  Peña Kieningera, M. et al. (2015). Cost-effectiveness analysis of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in Paraguay. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), A143-53. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.078. 
•  Vizzotti, C. et al. (2015). Economic analysis of the single-dose immunization strategy against hepatitis A in Argentina. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), A227-32. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.077. 
•  Ahmeti, A. et al. (2015). Cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Albania. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), A201-8. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.075. 
•  Urueña, A. et al. (2015). Cost-effectiveness analysis of rotavirus vaccination in Argentina. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), A126-34. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.074. 
•  Molina Aguilar, I.B. et al. (2015). Cost-effectiveness analysis of the introduction of the human papillomavirus vaccine in Honduras. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), A167-73. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.067. 
•  Visekruna Vucina, V. et al. (2015). Cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Croatia. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), A209-A218. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.043. 
•  Walwyn, L. et al. Cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination in Belize. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), A174-81. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.042. 
•  Javanbakht, M. et al. (2015). Cost-effectiveness analysis of the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in Iran. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), A192-200. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.035. 
•  Novaes, H.M. et al. (2015). Cost-effectiveness analysis of introducing universal human papillomavirus vaccination of girls aged 11 years into the National Immunization Program in Brazil. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), A135-42. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.031. 
•  Mezones, E. et al. (2015). Cost-effectiveness analysis of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in Peru. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), A154-66. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.039. 
•  Urueña, A. et al. (2011). Cost-effectiveness analysis of the 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in Argentina. Vaccine, 29(31), 4963-72. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.111. 

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Other (including perspectives from ProVac and partners)

Perspectives from ProVac and partners on the use of economic evidence for decision making 

• Andrus, J.K. & Walker, D.G. (2015). Perspectives on expanding the evidence base to inform vaccine introductions: Program costing and cost-effectiveness. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), A2-3. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.01.001. 
•  Teerawattananon, N. (2015). A learning experience from price negotiations for vaccines. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), A11-2. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.050. 
•  Sanderson, C. (2015). The ProVac Initiative and evolving decision support. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), A8-10. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.049. 
•  Molina Aguilera, I.B. (2015). Perspectives on the development and use of economic evidence for immunization decision-making. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), A6-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.048. 
•  Sosler, S., Kallenberg, J., & Johnson, HL. (2015). Gavi’s balancing act: Accelerating access to vaccines while ensuring robust national decision-making for sustainable programmes. Vaccine, 33(Suppl 1), A4-5. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.051. 
•  Andrus, J.K & Walker, D.G. (2013). Evidence base for new vaccine introduction in Latin America and the Caribbean. Vaccine, 31(Suppl 3), C2-3. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.074. 
•  de Quadros, C. (2013). Historical perspectives on new vaccine introduction in Latin America and the Caribbean. Vaccine, 31(Suppl 3), C4-5. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.058. 
•  Whitney, C.G. & Parashar, U.D. (2013). What do policy makers need to know? Lessons from the decision to add pneumococcal conjugate and rotavirus vaccines to the US. Vaccine, 31(Suppl 3), C6-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.051. 
•  Hinman, A. Perspectives on sustainable vaccine introduction. Vaccine, 31(Suppl 3), C8-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.053. 
•  Glassman, A (2013). Beyond methods and studies: Building institutions for better public spending on vaccination. Vaccine, 31(Suppl 3), C10-1. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.050. 

Other references 

• Bahia, L., Toscano, C.M., Takemoto, M.L. & Vianna Araujo, D. (2013). Systematic review of pneumococcal disease costs and productivity loss studies in Latin America and the Caribbean. Vaccine, 31(Suppl 3), C33-44, doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.030. 
•  Takemoto, M.L., Bahia, L., Toscano, C.M. & Vianna Araujo, D. (2013). Systematic review of studies on rotavirus disease cost-of-illness and productivity loss in Latin America and the Caribbean. Vaccine, 31(Suppl 3), C45-57. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.031. 
•  Alvis-Guzman, N. et al. (2013). Treatment costs of diarrheal disease and all-cause pneumonia among children under-5 years of age in Colombia. Vaccine, 31(Suppl 3), C58-62. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.035. 
•  de la Hoz, F., Castañeda-Orjuela, C., Paternina, A. & Alvis-Guzman, N. (2013). Systematic review of incremental non-vaccine cost estimates used in cost-effectiveness analysis on the introduction of rotavirus and pneumococcal vaccines. Vaccine, 31(Suppl 3), C80-87. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.064. 
•  Toscano, C.M. et al. (2013). Cost analysis of an integrated vaccine-preventable disease surveillance system in Costa Rica. Vaccine, 31(Suppl 3), C88-93. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.036. 
•  Oliveira, L.H. et al. (2013). Temporal trends in diarrhea-related hospitalizations and deaths in children under age 5 before and after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in four Latin American countries. Vaccine, 31(Suppl 3), C99-108. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.065. 
•  Picón, T. et al. (2013). Effectiveness of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against vaccine-type invasive disease among children in Uruguay: An evaluation using existing data. Vaccine, 31(Suppl 3), C109-113. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.01.059. 
•  Oliveira, L.H. et al. (2013). Systematic documentation of new vaccine introduction in selected countries of the Latin American Region. Vaccine, 31(Suppl 3), C114-22. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.032. 

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