Declaration of Astana charts course to achieve universal health coverage, 40 years since declaration on primary health care in Alma-Ata
Astana, Kazakhstan, 25 October 2018 (WHO/PAHO) – Countries around the globe today signed the Declaration of Astana, vowing to strengthen their primary health care systems as an essential step toward achieving universal health coverage. The Declaration of Astana reaffirms the historic 1978 Declaration of Alma-Ata, the first time world leaders committed to primary health care.
"We all have a solemn responsibility to ensure that today’s declaration on primary health care enables every person, everywhere to exercise their fundamental right to health."
“Today, instead of health for all, we have health for some,” said Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO). “We all have a solemn responsibility to ensure that today’s declaration on primary health care enables every person, everywhere to exercise their fundamental right to health.”
While the 1978 Declaration of Alma-Ata laid a foundation for primary health care, progress over the past four decades has been uneven. At least half the world’s population lacks access to essential health services – including care for noncommunicable and communicable diseases, maternal and child health, mental health, and sexual and reproductive health.
“Although the world is a healthier place for children today than ever before, close to 6 million children die every year before their fifth birthday mostly from preventable causes, and more than 150 million are stunted,” said Henrietta Fore, UNICEF Executive Director. “We as a global community can change that, by bringing quality health services close to those who need them. That’s what primary health care is about.”
The Declaration of Astana comes amid a growing global movement for greater investment in primary health care to achieve universal health coverage. Health resources have been overwhelmingly focused on single disease interventions rather than strong, comprehensive health systems – a gap highlighted by several health emergencies in recent years.
“Adoption of the Declaration at this global conference in Astana will set new directions for the development of primary health care as a basis of health care systems,” said Bakytzhan Sagintayev, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan. “The new Declaration reflects obligations of countries, people, communities, health care systems and partners to achieve healthier lives through sustainable primary health care.”
UNICEF and WHO will help governments and civil society to act on the Declaration of Astana and encourage them to back the movement. UNICEF and WHO will also support countries in reviewing the implementation of this Declaration, in cooperation with other partners.
Participation of countries of the Americas
Government, civil society and academic delegations from Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, United States, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru and Suriname, as well as from other countries all over the world, participated in the Conference in Astana this week.
Countries of the Americas also participated in the preparation of the Declaration, in a process coordinated by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). These regional contributions enriched the final document.
During the first plenary session, which looked at the revitalization of primary health care in the XXI century in order to achieve universal health coverage, the Health Secretary of Argentina, Adolfo Rubinstein, highlighted that the challenge lies in how to reformulate PHC in order to address current health issues.
Verónica Espinosa, Minister of Public Health of Ecuador, who spoke during the second plenary session of the day, said that achieving health coverage is not enough, and advocated for access to health to also be considered. “If we do not have sufficient access to health, coverage is nothing more than words,” she warned. She also called for the “elimination of the structural, economic, cultural, geographic, linguistic and gender barriers” that prevent people from using health care services.
Espinosa also called for primary health care to be differentiated from the first level of care, calling for gender inequities to be addressed, and urging for discussions about the role of the State in the regulation and in the commercial determinants of health.
In December 2017, in Quito, Ecuador, PAHO launched a regional movement for universal health, composed of representatives of governments, academia, civil society and experts from around thirty countries and territories of the Americas. The Regional Forum on Universal Health in the XXI century: 40 years of Alma-Ata seeks to identify obstacles and build alliances to enable countries of the region to achieve the goal of health for all by 2030, without leaving anyone behind.
Since the Declaration of 1978, the values and principles of primary health care, which include the right to health, equity, solidarity, social justice and participation and multisectoral action, among others, have formed the basis of many PAHO mandates and guided the transformation of health systems in the region.
In 2014, the countries of the Americas were the first in the world to approve, in PAHO, a resolution on access and universal health coverage, which outlines a regional road map for advancing towards universal health. This strategy seeks to address inequalities in access to health systems and services that prevent part of the population of the Americas from having access to care.
Notes to editors
The Global Conference on Primary Health Care is taking place from 25-26 October in Astana, Kazakhstan, co-hosted by WHO, UNICEF and the Government of Kazakhstan. Participants include ministers of health, finance, education and social welfare; health workers and patient advocates; youth delegates and activists; and leaders representing bilateral and multilateral institutions, global health advocacy organizations, civil society, academia, philanthropy, media and the private sector.
The Declaration of Astana, adopted at the conference, makes pledges in four key areas: (1) make bold political choices for health across all sectors; (2) build sustainable primary health care; (3) empower individuals and communities; and (4) align stakeholder support to national policies, strategies and plans.
For more information, please contact:
— Christian Lindmeier, World Health Organization, Geneva, +41 79 500 6552, lindmeierch@who.int
— Sabrina Sidhu, UNICEF, New York, +1 917 476 1537, ssidhu@unicef.org
— Kevin Short, Global Health Strategies, New York and Astana, +1 949 838 5122, kshort@globalhealthstrategies.com
