This operational handbook is a living document and will include a separate chapter for each of the key TB comorbidities or health-related risk factors. The first section focuses on mental health conditions which are widely recognized as a major health issue among people affected by TB, negatively impacting on TB treatment outcomes, health-related quality of life, and also increasingly recognized as a major cause of TB-associated disability. This section aims to facilitate early detection, proper assessment and adequate referral of people affected by TB and mental disorders. Full implementation of this guidance is expected to have a significant impact on TB treatment outcomes and health-related quality of life for people affected by TB.