Burden of Neurological Conditions

 

Neurological disorders (NDs) are heterogeneous diseases that affect the body’s autonomic, peripheral and central nervous system. The non-communicable neurological disorders include migraines, non-migraine headaches, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, and other neurological disorders.

The burden of deaths and disability caused by neurological disorders is increasingly being recognized as a global public health challenge, and its burden is set to rise during the next few decades as a result of the population aging.

The data visualization shows the level, distribution, and time trends of the burden of noncommunicable neurological disorders by age, sex for 6 subregions, and 33 countries PAHO's Member States with available estimates of the Region of the Americas from 2000 to 2019.

Mortality

In 2019, regionwide Neurological conditions account for:

  • 533,172 deaths, 213,129 (40%) in men, and 320,043 (60%) in women.
  • 32.9 deaths per 100,000 population (age-standardized), 33.1 deaths per 100,000 population in men and 32.2 deaths per 100,000 population in women.
  • Age-standardized death rates vary across countries from a high in the United States of America (47.4 deaths per 100,000 population) to a low in Venezuela (6.6 deaths per 100,000 population).

Countries with the highest age-standardized death rates

  1. United States of America
  2. Canada
  3. Uruguay
  4. Suriname
  5. Honduras
  6. Bolivia
  7. Cuba

Years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs)

Regionwide in 2019, neurological disorders account for:

  • 7.5 million YLLs, 3.5 million YLLs in men, and 3.9 million YLLs in women 
  • 740 YLLs per 100,000 population (crude rate), 709 years per 100,000 for men, and 770 years per 100,000 population for women
  • 552.5 YLLs per 100,000 population (age-standardized rate),  604.4 years per 100,000 for  men and 499.1 years per 100,000 population for women

Countries with the highest level of age-standardized YLL per 100,000 population

  1. The United States of America
  2. Uruguay
  3. Canada
  4. Suriname
  5. Haiti
  6. Cuba
  7. Saint Lucia

Years lived with disability (YLDs)

Regionwide in 2019, neurological disorders account for:

  • 8.2 million YLDs, 3.1 million YLLs in men, and 5.1 million YLLs in women 
  • 815.8 YLDs per 100,000 population (crude rate), 631.3 years per 100,000 for men, and 995.2 years per 100,000 population for women
  • 737.3 YLDs per 100,000 population (age-standardized rate),  589.4 years per 100,000 for  men and 880.3 years per 100,000 population for women

Countries with the highest level of age-standardized YLDs per 100,000 population

  1. Brazil
  2. Paraguay
  3. The United States of America
  4. Antigua and Barbuda
  5. Mexico
  6. Canada
  7. Honduras

Suggested citation

PAHO. The burden of Neurological conditions in the Region of the Americas, 2000-2019. Pan American Health Organization, 2021.

DATA CLASSIFICATION

This data visualization presents data classified in five discrete classes created using the quantile classification method. Each class contains 20% of countries, which is easy to interpret. The quintile classes are labeled sequentially from Quitile 1 as the first or lower quintile including the lowest fifth (1% to 20%) of the data to Quintile 5, the fifth or upper quintile representing the class with the highest fifth (81% to 100%) of the data.

MEASURES

Measures names: 

Deaths, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), and Years of Life Lost (YLLs) due to diabetes mellitus

Metric: Rate

Unit of Measure: deaths, DALYs, YLDs, YLLs per 100,000 population

Topic: Mortality and burden of disease

Rationale: Measuring how many people die each year and why they died is one of the most important means – along with gauging how diseases and injuries are affecting people – for assessing the effectiveness of a country’s health system. Cause of death statistics helps health authorities focalize and prioritize public health interventions and actions.

Disaggregation: Age, Sex, Location (region, subregion, country), and Year

Method of estimation: Mortality estimates by cause, age, sex, location (countries, and the region) were extracted from the WHO Global Health Estimates (GHE) 2019. These estimates represent WHO's best estimates, computed using standard categories, definitions, and methods to ensure cross-country comparability, and may not be the same as official national estimates. 

Methodological details:

Method of estimation of global and regional aggregates: Weighted average using population estimates from the World Population Prospect, produced by the UN Population Division, as denominators.

Preferred data sources: Civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) system with complete coverage and medical certification of cause of death

Other possible data sources: Household surveys surveillance systems sample or sentinel registration systems special studies

  1. WHO. WHO methods and data sources for country-level causes of death 2000-2019. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Available online (accessed 1 February 2021).
  2. WHO. WHO methods and data sources for global burden of disease estimates, 2000-2019. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2020. Available online (accessed 1 February 2021).
  3. PAHO. Methodological Notes, NMH Data Portal. Pan American Health Organization. 2021.

More information